Norm Phelps writes that the case followed the highly publicized campaign of Henry Spira in 1976 against experiments on cats being performed at the American Museum of Natural History in New York and Spira's subsequent campaign in April 1980 against the Draize test. Taub was convicted of six counts of cruelty to animals, the first such conviction in the United States of an animal researcher the conviction, though, was overturned on appeal. Pacheco went to the laboratory at night, taking photographs that showed the monkeys living in what the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research's ILAR Journal called 'filthy conditions.' He passed his photographs to the police, who raided the lab and arrested Taub.

The research led in part to the discovery of neuroplasticity and a new therapy for stroke victims called constraint-induced movement therapy.

He then used restraint, electric shock, and withholding of food and water to force the monkeys to use the deafferented parts of their bodies. Taub had been cutting sensory ganglia that supplied nerves to the monkeys' fingers, hands, arms, and legs-a process called 'deafferentation'-so that the monkeys could not feel them some of the monkeys had had their entire spinal columns deafferented. Pacheco had taken a job in May 1981 inside a primate research laboratory at the institute, intending to gain firsthand experience of working inside an animal laboratory. The case led to the first police raid in the United States on an animal laboratory, triggered an amendment in 1985 to the United States Animal Welfare Act, and became the first animal-testing case to be appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which upheld a Louisiana State Court ruling that denied PETA's request for custody of the monkeys. The group first came to public attention in 1981 during the Silver Spring monkeys case, a dispute about experiments conducted by researcher Edward Taub on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland. PETA distributed images of the monkeys with the caption, 'This is vivisection.

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